{ "dataset": "Oil and gas pipelines crossing or serving Syria", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-15", "verification_note": "Route geometries are simplified, indicative polylines drawn between known nodes for cartographic illustration only. They are not survey alignments and must not be used for engineering, permitting or right-of-way purposes. Capacity and status figures are sourced from the references listed on each entry.", "items": [ { "id": "kirkuk-baniyas", "name": "Kirkuk–Baniyas Crude Oil Pipeline", "type": "Crude oil", "status": "Inactive since 2003 — revival agreed July 2026", "status_class": "planned", "length_km": "≈800–850 km", "capacity": "Target initial capacity of 2 million bpd once operational", "cost": "Rehabilitation estimated at $4.5bn–$8bn depending on the engineering pathway", "timeline": "Syrian Petroleum Company CEO: renovation from Haditha (Iraq) to Baniyas would take 'three years at most'", "countries": ["Iraq", "Syria"], "route": [ [35.4681, 44.3922], [34.9500, 43.5000], [34.1333, 42.3667], [34.3667, 41.1000], [34.4500, 40.9500], [34.8000, 39.0000], [34.7300, 36.7100], [35.1800, 35.9200] ], "nodes": ["Kirkuk", "Baiji", "Haditha", "Al-Qa'im", "Abu Kamal", "Palmyra corridor", "Homs", "Baniyas"], "summary": "The strategic Iraq-to-Mediterranean crude artery. Dormant since 2003; Iraq and Syria signed two memoranda of understanding in Washington on 17 July 2026 to rehabilitate and operate it.", "detail": "The Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline once carried crude from northern Iraq's Kirkuk fields to the Syrian Mediterranean port of Baniyas, bypassing the Strait of Hormuz entirely. It has been inactive since 2003. On 17 July 2026 Iraq and Syria signed two memoranda of understanding in Washington covering rehabilitation and operation. Rehabilitation cost estimates range from $4.5 billion to $8 billion depending on whether existing right-of-way is reused or a new line is laid, and the Syrian Petroleum Company has indicated the Haditha-to-Baniyas renovation could be completed in three years at most. If restored at the stated 2 million bpd target, it would be one of the most significant non-Hormuz export routes in the region.", "sources": [ { "label": "SyriacPress — Syria and Iraq sign two MoUs to revive Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline", "url": "https://syriacpress.com/blog/2026/07/18/syria-and-iraq-sign-two-memoranda-of-understanding-to-revive-kirkuk-baniyas-crude-oil-pipeline/" }, { "label": "Kurdistan24 — Iraq, Syria move to restore strategic Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline", "url": "https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/926751/iraq-syria-move-to-restore-strategic-kirkuk-baniyas-oil-pipeline" }, { "label": "OilPrice — Iraq–Syria pipeline could be revived within 3 years", "url": "https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Iraq-Syria-Pipeline-to-Bypass-Hormuz-Could-Be-Revived-Within-3-Years.html" }, { "label": "Global Energy Monitor — Kirkuk-Baniyas oil pipelines", "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Kirkuk-Baniyas_Oil_Pipelines" }, { "label": "Karam Shaar Advisory — Iraq–Syria oil pipeline: revival costs", "url": "https://karamshaar.com/syria-in-figures/iraq-syria-oil-pipeline-2026/" } ] }, { "id": "arab-gas-pipeline", "name": "Arab Gas Pipeline (Syrian sections)", "type": "Natural gas", "status": "Partially operational — Syrian sections subject to repair and supply availability", "status_class": "partial", "length_km": "≈1,200 km total network; Syrian section runs Nassib – Damascus – Homs, with branches to Lebanon and Aleppo", "capacity": "Design capacity varies by segment; verify with the Syrian Gas Company before contracting", "cost": "Sectional rehabilitation programmes", "timeline": "Ongoing repair and re-commissioning", "countries": ["Egypt", "Jordan", "Syria", "Lebanon"], "route": [ [32.6494, 36.3236], [33.5138, 36.2765], [34.7300, 36.7100], [34.4531, 35.8250] ], "nodes": ["Nassib (Jordan border)", "Damascus", "Homs", "Tripoli (Lebanon)"], "branches": [ { "name": "Homs – Aleppo branch", "route": [ [34.7300, 36.7100], [35.1300, 36.7500], [36.2021, 37.1343] ] } ], "summary": "The regional gas spine running north from Jordan through Damascus and Homs, with branches west to Lebanon and north to Aleppo.", "detail": "The Arab Gas Pipeline connects Egypt through Jordan into Syria, with onward branches to Lebanon and to Aleppo. The Syrian sections make the country a physical bridge between Egyptian and Jordanian gas in the south and the Turkish network in the north. Syria's position on this line is the basis for its ambition to move from transit state to regional energy hub — but realising that depends on segment repairs, upstream supply availability and commercial framework agreements.", "sources": [ { "label": "Global Energy Monitor — Arab Gas Pipeline", "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline" }, { "label": "Karam Shaar Advisory — Arab Gas Pipeline & Syria: transit state or energy hub", "url": "https://karamshaar.com/syria-in-figures/arab-gas-pipeline-syria-transit-state-or-energy-hub/" }, { "label": "Al Majalla — The Arab Gas Pipeline offers a strategic bridge", "url": "https://en.majalla.com/node/329631/opinion/arab-gas-pipeline-offers-strategic-bridge" } ] }, { "id": "turkiye-syria-gas", "name": "Türkiye–Syria Natural Gas Pipeline (Kilis–Aleppo)", "type": "Natural gas", "status": "Operational since August 2025", "status_class": "operational", "length_km": "Aleppo–Kilis segment, connected to the Turkish network at Türkoğlu via Kilis", "capacity": "Confirm current flow rates with the Syrian Gas Company / BOTAŞ", "cost": "Qatari-financed supply arrangement", "timeline": "Segment rehabilitated 2025; reopened August 2025", "countries": ["Türkiye", "Syria", "Azerbaijan (source)"], "route": [ [37.3833, 36.8500], [36.7167, 37.1167], [36.6250, 37.0167], [36.2021, 37.1343] ], "nodes": ["Türkoğlu (TR network)", "Kilis", "Bab al-Salameh corridor", "Aleppo"], "summary": "Live gas import route bringing Azerbaijani Shah Deniz gas into northern Syria via Türkiye, under Qatari financing.", "detail": "In 2025 the Aleppo-to-Kilis segment was rehabilitated and connected to the Turkish gas network at Türkoğlu via Kilis, forming the Türkiye–Syria Natural Gas Pipeline. The line reopened in August 2025 carrying Azerbaijani gas southward. Since then Syria has received gas from Azerbaijan's Shah Deniz field via Türkiye, entering northern Syria through the Kilis–Aleppo pipeline with Qatari financing. It is currently the most tangible energy-transit success in Syria's post-2024 corridor programme.", "sources": [ { "label": "Global Energy Monitor — Arab Gas Pipeline (Türkiye–Syria segment)", "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline" }, { "label": "Karam Shaar Advisory — Arab Gas Pipeline & Syria", "url": "https://karamshaar.com/syria-in-figures/arab-gas-pipeline-syria-transit-state-or-energy-hub/" } ] }, { "id": "domestic-heavy-crude", "name": "Rumeilan (Tal Adas) – Tartous Heavy Crude System", "type": "Crude oil — domestic", "status": "Domestic network — capacity constrained by field output and line condition", "status_class": "partial", "length_km": "Part of a domestic network totalling approximately 2,000 km with the light crude system", "capacity": "Designed for 300,000 bpd", "cost": "State-operated", "timeline": "Existing infrastructure", "countries": ["Syria"], "route": [ [37.0500, 41.7500], [36.5000, 40.7500], [35.9500, 39.0000], [35.1300, 36.7500], [34.8950, 35.8700] ], "nodes": ["Rumeilan / Tal Adas fields", "Hasakah corridor", "Raqqa corridor", "Hama corridor", "Tartous"], "summary": "Domestic heavy-crude trunk line from the north-eastern Rumeilan fields to the Tartous coastal terminal, designed for 300,000 bpd.", "detail": "Syria's domestic oil pipeline system connects production fields to the Homs and Baniyas refineries and supports export through the Baniyas and Tartous offshore terminals. The heavy oil system runs from Tal Adas in the Rumeilan fields to Tartous and was designed for 300,000 bpd. Together with the light-crude system it accounts for roughly 2,000 km of domestic line.", "sources": [ { "label": "Global Energy Monitor — Kirkuk-Baniyas oil pipelines (Syrian domestic network)", "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Kirkuk-Baniyas_Oil_Pipelines" } ] }, { "id": "domestic-light-crude", "name": "Deir ez-Zor – Baniyas Light Crude System", "type": "Crude oil — domestic", "status": "Domestic network — capacity constrained by field output and line condition", "status_class": "partial", "length_km": "Part of a domestic network totalling approximately 2,000 km with the heavy crude system", "capacity": "Confirm current throughput with the Syrian Company for Oil Transport", "cost": "State-operated", "timeline": "Existing infrastructure", "countries": ["Syria"], "route": [ [35.3359, 40.1408], [34.9000, 38.3000], [34.7300, 36.7100], [35.1800, 35.9200] ], "nodes": ["Deir ez-Zor fields", "Palmyra corridor", "Homs Refinery", "Baniyas Refinery"], "summary": "Domestic light-crude line linking the Deir ez-Zor fields to the Homs and Baniyas refineries and the Mediterranean.", "detail": "The light oil system links Deir ez-Zor to Baniyas, feeding the Homs Refinery (100,000 bpd capacity) and the Baniyas Refinery (125,000 bpd nameplate, currently around 95,000 bpd). It is the domestic backbone that any restored Iraqi transit volume would interface with at Homs and Baniyas.", "sources": [ { "label": "Global Energy Monitor — Kirkuk-Baniyas oil pipelines (Syrian domestic network)", "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Kirkuk-Baniyas_Oil_Pipelines" }, { "label": "Enab Baladi — Baniyas Refinery resumes full production", "url": "https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/05/baniyas-refinery-resumes-full-production/" }, { "label": "The Arab Weekly — Syria to build new 150,000 bpd refinery", "url": "https://thearabweekly.com/syria-build-new-150000-bpd-oil-refinery-baniyas-refinerys-capacity-dwindles" } ] } ] }